Damage assessment for tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong Province of China by using a projection pursuit dynamic cluster model

Natural Hazards - Tsunamis occur not only in marine settings but also in lacustrine environments. Most of the lacustrine tsunamis are caused by seismically- or aseismically-triggered mass...     

The proton temperature and the total hourly variance of the magnetic field components in different solar wind speed regions

A comparison has been made between the predictions of the theory for radial variations of both Alfvénic fluctuations and solar wind proton temperatures proposed by Tu (1987, 1988) and the statistical results of hourly averaged plasma and magnetic field data observed by Helios 1 and 2 from launch through 1980 for different solar wind speed regimes. The comparison shows that for speed ranges between 500–800 km s^-1, the radial variation of the proton temperature between 0.3 and 1 AU can be explained by heating from the cascade energy determined by the radial variation of the total variance of magnetic field vector. The explanation of the radial variations of both temperature and the total variance of magnetic fields for speed ranges less than 400 km s ^-1 is less clear.This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China for Tu's part of the work.     

龙永煤田童子岩组顶部鲕粒的矿物学特征及岩相意义

通过对龙永煤田童子岩组煤系顶部鲕状带"鲕粒"赋存规律及其矿物学特征、宏观特征、围岩特征的野外研究及镜下观察,分析了"鲕粒"的成因及其岩相意义,为龙永煤田童子岩组顶部地层提供了对比依据.     

Release of heavy metals during weathering of the Lower Cambrian Black Shales in western Hunan,China

Weathering of heavy metal enriched black shales may be one of the most important sources of environmental contamination in areas where black shales are distributed. Heavy metal release during weathering of the Lower Cambrian Black Shales (LCBS) in western Hunan, China, was investigated using traditional geochemical methods and the ICP-MS analytical technique. Concentrations of 16 heavy metals, 8 trace elements and P were measured for samples from selected weathering profiles at the Taiping vanadium ore mine (TP), the Matian phosphorous ore mine (MT), and Taojiang stone-coal mine (TJ). The results show that the bedrock at these three profiles is enriched with Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, and P. Based on mass-balance calculation, the percentages of heavy metals released (in % loss) relative to immobile element Nb were estimated. The results show significant rates of release during weathering of: V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, U, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Tl for the TP profile; Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, Cd, and Sn for the MT profile; and Sc, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Th, Cd, Sn, and Tl for the TJ profile. Among these heavy metals, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Sn show very similar features of release from each of the three weathering profiles. The heavy metals released during weathering may affect the environment (especially topsoil and surface waters) and are possibly related to an observed high incidence of endemic diseases in the area.     

Formation of an Interactive User-Oriented Forecasting System: Experience from Hydrological Application in Linyi, Eastern China

Having provided an overview of the ideas of developing user-oriented interactive forecast system (UIFS) emerging in recent years,the authors proposed an idealized framework of the new-generation meteorological system,which includes the initial user-end module for configuring the forecast target,the physical predictive and downscaling components,and an incessant assessing module in association with decision-making at the user-end.A case study was carried out with a focus on applying the TIGGE (THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble;THORPEX stands for The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment) precipitation forecasts for the hydrological users in Linyi,a region richest in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China.The preliminary results exhibited great potential of improvement in applications of weather forecasts by combining the user-end information.Although the TIGGE results provided by existing national/international operating models were independent from the user-end,the case study enlightened ways of establishing an iteratively self-improving UIFS involving user-orientation throughout the forecast process.     

Modeling of Solar Wind in the Coronal Funnel with Mass and Energy Supplied at 5 Mm

The origin of the solar wind is a long-standing issue in both observational and theoretical studies. To understand how and where in the solar atmosphere the mass and energy of the solar wind are supplied is very important. Previous observation suggests a scenario in which the fast solar wind originates at heights above 5 Mm in the magnetically open funnel, a process that is accompanied by downward flow below 5 Mm, whereby the mass and energy are supplied through reconnection between the open funnel and adjacent closed loops. Based on this scenario, we develop a fluid model to study the solar wind generation under the assumption that mass and energy are deposited in the open funnel at 5 Mm. The mass supply rate is estimated from the mass loss rate as given by the emptying of the side loops as a result of their assumed reconnection with the open funnel. Similarly, the energy input rate is consistent with the energy release rate as estimated from the energy flux associated with the reconnection between the open magnetic funnel and the closed magnetic loops. Following the observations, we not only simulate the plasma flowing upward to form the solar wind but also calculate the downward flow back to the lower atmosphere. This model is a first attempt to study physically the proposed scenario of solar wind origin and gives a new physical illustration of the possible initial deposition and consequent transportation of mass and energy in the coronal funnel.     

福建三明地区萤石矿地质特征及成矿预测

三明地区位于闽西北隆起带与闽西南坳陷带接合部,萤石矿资源丰富,其成矿受常口一瀚仙一余朋北东向断裂构造带控制。总结该断裂构造带地质条件．阐述已知萤石矿点基本特征及找矿标志,通过成矿预测,提出了清流余朋等五个成矿重点区．宜作为今后工作的重点。     

东天山白山钼矿地球化学特征及地质意义

白山钼矿赋矿岩体为花岗斑岩,其主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,岩体属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Th,Sr等),亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ce,Zr等),以及具有LREE富集的右倾稀土元素分布模式。根据矿物稀土元素作为示踪剂提供的信息表明,含钼矿物的石英脉稀土元素组成和分布模式与壳幔同熔型花岗岩有众多相似之处,推测该成矿物质来源与花岗岩岩浆有关,来自同一源区,形成于碰撞后演化阶段向板内转化的构造环境,并具相同的成岩方式与成岩成矿同期。     

Centrifuge modelling of ground-borne vibrations induced by railway traffic in underground tunnels

Increased attention has been given to ground-borne vibrations induced by railway vehicles and to the effects of these vibrations as they propagate through the g...